understanding the phase angle

1. Impedance: Z = R + jX, where X = wL - 1/wC
2. In AC circuits, phase angle of impedance is The phase angle ${\theta }_Z$ is defined as the angle between the real axis (resistance) and the impedance vector. From trigonometry:

• If $\omega L>\frac{1}{\omega C}$ (inductive dominance), then ${\theta }_Z>0$, meaning current lags voltage.
• If $\omega L<\frac{1}{\omega C}$ (capacitive dominance), then ${\theta }_Z<0$, meaning current leads voltage.
• At resonance ($\omega =\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}$), we get ${\theta }_Z=0$, meaning current and voltage are in phase.